Needs Statement

General internists (hospitalists and primary care clinicians) prevent, diagnose, and treat a wide spectrum of complex medical conditions requiring ongoing education to stay current with evolving clinical guidelines and to effectively manage complex medical conditions across inpatient and outpatient settings. Educational needs include improving knowledge and competence in perioperative cardiovascular risk assessment and management, particularly in applying updated evidence-based guidelines, enhancing the ability to care for adult patients with cardiovascular conditions such as heart failure, stroke, and congenital heart disease. For example, the management of congenital heart disease may differ significantly from that of patients with acquired cardiovascular disease. Additionally, clinicians need training in developing practical skills in nutrition therapy, including the use of food as medicine to support chronic disease management, and effective bedside teaching strategies to support learner development and in fostering professionalism as a foundation for high-quality, patient-centered care.